1) Adaptation of a Plant: Adaptations are the adjustments or changes that allow plants or animals to survive in a particular habitat. The cactus plant above has the ability to survive in the dessert or other extremely how climates. The reason for this is that a cactus's roots lie very close to the surface they can catch the dessert rain and absorbed it quickly. Since this plant has no leaves, its stems helps the plant create food with the water it had absorbed. Finally the cactus thorns keeps the dessert animals from sucking out any liquid it stores.
2) Amniotic Egg: An Amniotic egg consists of multiple part that all serve a different function in order to keep the embryo alive inside. First off there is the amnion; t
hin innermost membranous sac that surrounds the developing embryo. Next is the yolk which provides nutrients like protein and fats for the embryo and that is surrounded by the yolk sack. Then surrounding all of that is the chorion which aids gas exchanges. Finally the eggs shell gives a limited amount of protection from predators or hard surfaces like in the picture above.
3) Autotroph: An autotroph is an organism that does not consume nutrients but produces it on its own. Autotrophs use energy from the sun, or photosynthesis, or from the oxidation of inorganic substance to make organic molecules. The flower above indeed has no other means of obtaining nutrients other than producing it itself and has no need of the consumption of other living sources. It absorbs all the energy it needs from the sun through the chloroplast in its leaves and generates enough food to fuel all other activities that goes on within it.
4) Pollen: Pollen is a coarse powder that contains the microgametophyte of seed plants, which produces the male gametes. Both cone-bearing and flowering plants produce pollen as a part of sexual reproduction. In this photo each individual little flower contains a collection of pollen ready to be used during pollination.
5) Lichen: Lichens can consist of a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism. In most lichen the algae provide carbon compounds, while the fungi provides a suitable environment for growth. This symbiotic relationship they hug surfaces like rocks, rotting logs, and roofs in various forms. Lichens can also be found in many extreme climates. However in this particular photo, the lichen is hugging a pine tree in moderate temperature.
6) Hydrophobic: The definition of this term is having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. A hydrophobic reaction is caused by the action of water molecules, which rejects nonpolar substances as the form hydrogen bonds and also with hydrophilic parts of the protein. Therefore with the repelling of the water and the surface tension of the leaves causes the droplets to try and minimize their surface and form a circular shape. In the picture above the water droplets are currently doing just that and the excess water slides off the surface.
7) Flower Ovary: In flowers. the ovary is the portion in which the eggs containing ovules develop. It is the major part of a flowers reproductive system. When viewing the inner parts of a flower closely you'd find that the style leads to the ovary at the carpel which contains the ovules. In this picture the ovary is not visible but the stigma is slightly visible.
8) Seed Dispersal: This process is the transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Due to the plants limited mobility they rely on other means of dispersing their seeds which involves wind, water, and animals. Without those factors it would be a struggle for plants to efficiently reproduce and survive. For instance in the picture above see can be carried by the wind and land in the water and the current takes them away to a new locations for them to grow.
9) Cellular Respiration: Cellular respiration is an efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP. During this process oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. Animals preform cellular respiration but all types of plants do as well just as the ones above do.
10) Calvin Cycle: The second of two major stages of photosynthesis ( following light reactions). This process involves atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate. There is a pathway in the stroma of the chloroplast in which CO2 enters and comes out as sugar. In the picture the light is shinning over all the plants and the process cycles through.
11) Gymnosperm: The definition of gymnosperm is a vascular plant that bears naked seeds-seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek word
gymnospermos meaning "naked seeds". These seeds develop on the surface of leaves and then form into cones. In the picture above of the pine tree this is just the case. Pine cones will form and when they are fully developed they fall to the ground.
12) Endotherm: This is what every mammal is associated with because they use metabolic heat to regulate body temperature. They use this mechanism as a way to maintain a favorable body temperature. This includes dogs, birds and every other mammal.
13) Eubacteria: Eubacteria is so common in our everyday life. They are prokaryotic and lack mitochondrions and chloroplast. Although eubacteria can be deadly and toxic it can also be used as antibiotics and food digesters in our stomachs. We use eubacteria in dairy products like yogurt.
14) Chitin: A structural polysaccharide of an amino found in many plants. It is found in many places in the natural world. It is the main component of cells walls. Therefore the leaves above are full chitin for their cell walls define the structural shape of the leaves.
15) Mutualism: A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from one another's existence. In the picture above you can faintly see the bee pollinating the flowers without even knowing it's doing so. A bees purpose for collecting pollen is so it can bring it back to its hive.
16) C3 plant: These plants are called C3 plants because the organic of carbon fixation is a three-carbon compound. The carbon fixation creates a metabolic pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesis. C3 plants cannot grow in hot areas because the plant produces less sugar because of the declining CO2 levels in the leaves and that starves the Calvin cycle. These plants reproduce the best in moderate temperatures such as rice, wheat, and carrots.
17) Phloem: A vascular plant tissue that consist of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that carry sugar and other nutrients throughout the plant where needed. It is most needed in the roots and sites of growth, such as developing leaves and fruits.
18) Homologous Structure: Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. The modern day specie and its ancestor had a structural theme. Over the years these changes in structure occur because they are adapting to a changes in the environment. Common homologous structures are a human arm and cat or dog forearm, and a whale fin and the wing of a bat.
19) Spore: An asexual reproductive structure that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell is called a spore. it is involved with the life cycle of a plant undergoing alternation of generations and also generates gametophyte. Spores are inside of plants, algae, and soil.
20) Homeostasis: This process regulates an organisms internal environment. It keeps the bodies temperature or ph, constant and stable. This process is the essential to the survival of people. The liver, kidney, and the brain help maintain homeostasis as the body tends to fluctuate in temperature. the human body for instance must try to maintain a normal internal temperature of 98.6 degrees F.
21) pollinator: A pollinator is an agent that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. This accomplishes fertilization. for instances bees pollinate without even realizing it because as they hunt for nectar in flowers the pollen sticks to their fuzzy bodies and rubs off in the next flower they enter.
22) long day plant: This plant is the type that will only flower after being exposed to sun light for an long period of time. So during the warmers seasons like late spring, early summer, is when these plants start to flourish. That includes lettuce as well, it needs to be in the light for a critical period of time for it to flower
23) Endotherm: An animal, like a mammal or bird, that uses metabolic heat to regulate body temperature. a good portion of this warmth come from the release of heat by its internal bodily functions. The dog above is a mammal and has that ability and does not need to rely solely on ambient heat.
24) Genetic variation in populations : This is important because it provides genetic material for natural selection. It is possible to verify genetic variation by observing the phenotypes. This occurs also to is geography and the selective pressures it faces in its environment. Some of the variation are traits that are passed down as mutations and its always to make this species better fit for survival, which includes blending in as the grasshopper does above.
25)Stigma and Style of carpel: All flowers contain both a stigma and a style. the stigma prevents pollen from other types of flowers to fertilize that flower. it also tends to be very sticky to collect the pollen. the style is the stalk of the flowers carpel with the ovary at the base and the stigma located above it.
26) Exoskeleton: This is an external skeleton that supports and protects the animals body.it also provides point of attachment for muscles. This grasshopper for instance, its body is rigid and its exoskeleton also contains chitin making it harder and stronger for better protection of its internal organs.
27) Modified Root of a Plant: These roots are adapted for several functions. They can adapt for storage where its best to store energy and propagative resources. Sugar is stored during fruit production and flowering, like for example the bananas above.
28) Adhesion and Cohesion: Adhesion is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. Cohesion is the binding together of like molecules, usually by hydrogen bonds. This helps the water molecules to stay on a continuous flowing path as it travels up through the roots, through the stem and through the leaves. Sunlight, which causes evaporation, drives transportation which creates the "pull" of water to replace what had been evaporated. This occurs throughout the stem mostly like in the picture above.
29) Auxin Producing area of a plant: When you see buds growing on the tip of a stem is auxin produced. Auxin is a hormone that plants make where a new root is growing. Which is exactly what is happening here.
30) Animal that has a segmented body: A lot of insects have segmented bodies. There are three main segments known as the thorax, the abdomen, and the head. This can also be referred to as an arthropod, meaning an animals with jointed appendages, a segmented body, and an exoskeleton, like the ants above.
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